1. Chidule

Opanga ma amphoteric amatanthauza magulu onse a cationic hydrophilic and anionic hydrophobic m'magulu am'magulu, omwe amatha kuyanikiridwa ndi yankho lamadzimadzi ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a opanga ma anionic omwe amakhala munthawi inayake, koma pansi pamtundu wina wapakatikati Ndi gulu la opanga mafunde omwe onetsani mawonekedwe a cationic surfactants.

Betaine-amphoteric surfactants amatanthauza gulu la mankhwala omwe kapangidwe kake kofanana ndi kapangidwe kake ka betaine. Dzina la mankhwala la betaine ndi trimethylammonium acetate. Ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) Scheibler C. 1870 adachita ndipo adasiyana ndi msuzi wa beet. Scheibler wotchedwa betaine beta-in dzina lachi Latin lotchedwa beta vulgaris.

Mu 1876, Bruhl adagwiritsa ntchito dzina loti betaine ndikupangira kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi zinthu zofananira azitchedwa "kugulitsa", Omwe ali amtundu wa betaine amphoteric surfactants. Betaine amphoteric surfactants atha kugawidwa mu mtundu wa carboxylic acid, mtundu wa acid wa sulfonic, mtundu wa sulphate, mtundu wa sulfite, mtundu wa phosphate, mtundu wa phosphite, mtundu wa phosphonic acid ndi mtundu wa phosphonite malinga ndi mtundu wa gulu la acid. . Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wapanyumba wama betaine surfactants ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Zina mwazo, carboxylic acid, mtundu wa sulfonic acid ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a phosphate zanenedwa zambiri.

Ambiri mwa malo olipiritsa abwino amtundu wa betaine amphoteric surfactants amathandizidwa ndi ma quaternary ammonium N ma atomu, pomwe malo olipiritsa olakwika amathandizidwa ndimagulu a acid omwe amatsutsidwa molakwika. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa betaine-amphoteric surfactants ndi ena amphoteric surfactants ndikuti chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa quaternary ammonium nitrogen mu molekyulu, sipangakhale mawonekedwe a anionic surfactants mumayankho amchere. M'magawo osiyanasiyana a pH, ma betaine amfoteric surfactants azingokhala ngati zwitterionic kapena cationic surfactants. Chifukwa chake, mdera la isoelectric, ma betaine amphoteric surfactants sakhala ocheperako ngati kusungunuka kwamphamvu ngati ma surfactant ena amphoteric omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni wofooka.

Mtundu wa Betaine amphoteric surfactants nawonso ndiosiyana ndi opanga ma cationic. Ofufuza ena (Beckett AH 1963) amakhulupirira kuti iyenera kukhala ngati "quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; CD ya Moore (1960) imakhulupirira kuti iyenera kukhala ngati "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". Mosiyana ndi opanga ma cationic monga "external quaternary ammonium surfactants salt", betaine-amphoteric surfactants atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi anionic surfactants ndipo sangapangire "magetsi osalowererapo".

Betaine-amphoteric surfactants ndi gawo lofunikira la opanga ma amphoteric. Imakhala yogwirizana bwino ndi anionic, cationic ndi nonionic surfactants, ili ndi zotsatira zabwino zogwirizana, ndipo ndiyofatsa. Ili ndi zida zabwino zotsutsana, mabactericidal, anticorrosive katundu, ndipo imatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala tsiku lililonse. Pakukula kwa kafukufuku, opanga ma betaine amtundu wina amapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

2. Kafukufuku wapita patsogolo mwa mitundu ya betaine amphoteric surfactants

Pofika chaka cha 1869, Liebreich O. adagwiritsa ntchito trimethylamine kukonzekera betaine; mu 1937, lipoti loyambirira la patent la ma amphoteric surfactants lidawonekera ku United Kingdom, ndipo mu 1940 DuPont adalemba mndandanda woyamba wa betaine (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Kuyambira pamenepo, mayiko osiyanasiyana ayamba kufufuza ndikupanga ma amphoteric surfactants kuphatikiza mankhwala a betaine. Ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kowonjezeka kwaopanga ma betaine, mayendedwe ofufuza pankhaniyi akuwonjezeka. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zatsopano zambiri zapangidwa.

Xu Jinyun et al. inakonza octadecyl betaine yokhala ndi octadecyl tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, ndi sodium hydroxide ngati zopangira, ndikuyesa mawonekedwe ake pamwamba, katundu wa antistatic, emulsifying katundu ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsira ntchito. Base betaine idafanizidwa. Zhang Li ndi ena adafufuzanso momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito, monga kupsinjika kwapamwamba, ma microemulsion ndi kapangidwe kake.

Chen Zonggang ndi ena adayankha ndi stearic acid ndi triethanolamine kuti apange triethanolamine stearate, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma reactants kuti apange mankhwalawa makamaka dizilo, kenako ndikuyankha ndi quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate kuti ipange triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Wogwiritsira ntchitayu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chochepetsera kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto. Kufewa kwake kuli pafupi ndi mafuta a amino silicone, kuyera kwake ndi kunyowa kwake kuli bwino kuposa mafuta a amino silicone, ndipo ndiosavuta kuwononga. Ndizogulitsa zachilengedwe.

FangYiwen etal. kupanga lauroamidopropyl betaine ndi N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine ndi sodium chloroacetate ngati zopangira. Chogulitsidwacho chili ndi thovu lokwera, kukhazikika kwa thovu komanso kukhuthala. , Kugwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zina mu shampu.

Chen Hongling neri Al. apanga awiri sulfoimidazolinekugulitsa Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate monga hydrophilic base material ndi alkyl imidazoline ndikuyesa mawonekedwe awo athupi ndi mankhwala. Kapangidwe kake kali motere.

Jiang Liubo amalandira N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine pochotsa sodium chloride kuchokera ku sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate ndi lauramide dimethylpropylamine kudzera pakuchita, chilichonse Chizindikiro chaukadaulo chimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zamaina. Ili ndi magwiridwe ochepa, kukwiya kotsika kwambiri, thovu lolemera komanso labwino, komanso kukana kwamadzi bwino komanso njira yolera yotseketsa.

Nonglanping amagwiritsa ntchito dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol ndi dimethylamine ngati zopangira, ndi P2O5 ngati phosphorylation reagent, ndipo dzinali ndi 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. olekanitsidwa ndi kuyeretsedwa dehydroabietylamine kuchokera ku rosin amine wosagawanika, kenako ndikupanga N-dehydroabietyl-N kudzera N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine ngati chopangira. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine ndi mankhwala enaake ndi mitundu iwiri yatsopano ya betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

Wang Jun et al. tapanga mtundu wa betaine amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine wokhala ndi epichlorohydrin, sodium bisulfite ndi tertiary dodecyl amine ngati zopangira, zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa zidakonzedwa.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. yakonza makina awiri amtundu wa betaine okhala ndi polyoxyethylene chain chain poyankha alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine wokhala ndi chloroacetic acid kapena chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Zindikirani kupanga mafakitale.

 

Maiko akunja akadali pamlingo wotsogola m'munda wa opanga ma betaine, ndipo ntchito yawo yofufuza ndi chitukuko imayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwunikidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Chew, CH, ndi zina zambiri zimapanga mtundu wa betaine wopanga ma AUDMAA wokhala ndi acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol ndi aminoacetic acid. Makina ake ovuta kwambiri a 24 ℃ ndi 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Mphamvu yotsegulira ma polymerization ndi 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. tinapanga opanga awiri atsopano a betaine N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine ndi N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- ndi mafuta a tarot mafuta acid ngati zopangira. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala zochitika zambiri zosangalatsa pamachitidwe ndi mankhwala a opanga ma betaine. Mwachitsanzo: YousukeOne, ndi zina (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, asidi oleic) -dimethyl betaine phunziro, machitidwe a dielectric a micellar solution ya betaine surfactant adaphunziridwa. Zilibe kanthu kochita ndi kuchuluka kwa micelles, ndipo mphamvu yotsitsimula ya amphoteric surfactant solution imasinthasintha mofanana ndendende, yomwe ili yofanana ndi aminoglycolato betaine yomwe ili ndi betaine kapangidwe kake koma siyoyendetsa mafunde. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti micelle pamwamba pa amphoteric surfactant imakhalanso ndi mphindi yomweyo ya dipole monga yankho la glycine betaine.