1. Kusungunuka kwa madzi

Chifukwa pali polar bond N → 0 mu amine oxide molekyulu, ndipo mphindi ya dipole ndi 4.38D, kompositiyo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a polarity komanso malo osungunuka kwambiri. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi osungunulira madzi akuya ngati madzi ndi mowa pang'ono, koma sungasungunuke konse kwa zosungunulira zosakhala polar monga mafuta amchere ndi benzene.

Mu yankho lamadzimadzi, amine oxide amapezeka ochulukirapo ngati hydrate (R1R2R3NO · XH2O), koma ndikusintha kwa mtengo wa pH, polarity idzasintha. Mwachitsanzo, mu yankho la zamchere ndi pH> 7, ndimagwiridwe antchito a anionic. . Komabe, mu mayankho a acidic pa pH <3, amine oxides amapezeka makamaka ngati ma cations [R1R2R3NOH] +. Yankho lamadzimadzi la amine oxide lili ndi zinthu zochepa zokhazokha, ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzoladzola kuti khungu likhale loyera.

2. Zochitika pamwamba

(1) zinthu mopupuluma mavuto: Pambuyo kuwonjezera amine okusayidi, mavuto padziko madzi adzakhala kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kumangika kwa madzi oyera ndi 72.80 × 10-3N / m. Mavuto akunja pamawonekedwe oyipa a micelle (cmc) amine oxides osiyanasiyana ali pafupifupi 30 × 10-3N / m. Ku cmc, kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwa amine oxide kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa quaternary ammonium salt, kotero mawonekedwe amine oxide amaposa amchere wa quaternary ammonium.

(2) Kuthetsa: Pamene amine oxide imasakanizidwa ndi AES kapena AS, imakhala ndi vuto logwirizana, koma ikaphatikizidwa ndi LAS, mphamvu yake yolumikizirana siyabwino. Zopangira zotsuka milomo zimagwiritsa ntchito 12% fatty acid (C12: C18 = 12: 1), 13% osagwira ionic surfactant, 12% LAS. Ngati kuchuluka kwa amine oxide akuwonjezeredwa, kuyeretsa kumakhala kwabwino kwambiri.

(3) Emulsifying power: Emulsifying mphamvu ndi chisonyezo chodziwitsa mtundu wa emulsifiers. Mwachitsanzo, emulsify the amine oxide aqueous solution and petroleum solvent under the same zinthu pa 70 ° C, kenako ndikuwona kusintha kwa voliyumu mutatha emulsification. Zotsatirazo zikuwonetsa kuti mu amine oxide homologs, kuthekera kwa emulsification kumawonjezeka ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kaboni ka gulu lalitali lalitali alkyl. Mbali ina ya amine okusayidi monga emulsifier ndikuti imatha kusunthira pamitundu yambiri ya pH, makamaka pama media acidic, itha kukhala yogwirizana ndi quaternary ammonium cations monga zotetezera komanso ma bactericides, sikuti ingaletse Ntchito ya anti-corrosion ya chosungira, ndipo chitha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yake yothana ndi dzimbiri, yomwe sichitha kufikanso kwa ena osagwira ma ionic.

(4) Chithovu ndi kukhazikika kwa thovu: Amine oxide ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri cha thovu, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophulitsa zovala kapena zotsukira zotsuka. Chogulitsacho chomwe chili ndi mulingo wa 1% mpaka 5% chimagwira bwino, osakwiya m'maso, komanso kukana madzi olimba. Imagwira bwino, ndipo thovu limakhala lokwera m'madzi olimba ndi pH = 9, 300mg / kg. Mafuta a sodium sulphate (AS) akasakanikirana ndi amine oxide, thovu limadzaza ndikukhazikika, ngakhale kuli mafuta, silisintha. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi othandizira anionic monga LAS, AS, AES, SAS, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo ali ndi vuto lotsutsa kukwiya. Thovu lopangidwa ndi amine oxide limamverera bwino ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu shampoo ndi mankhwala osamba.

(5) Thickening effect: Amine oxide has a good thickening effect. For example, the mass fraction of amine oxide mixed with AES (1:9) is 15% active substance solution (the following% are all mass fractions), in an acid medium , Even with little salt, the thickening effect is obvious, and it is mild and has good conditioning. Amine oxide 4.5%, AES 8.5%, NaCl 4%, pH=8, viscosity (20°C) up to 7Pa·s, cloud point <-5°C, but for the solubilization and thickening of shampoo, the carbon atom is preferably C14. The thickening effect of amine oxide can also be used in high alkaline bleach (9% C12, 0.5% NaOH, 4% Na2CO3, a small amount of amine oxide), 10% HCl solution added 1.5% dihydroxyethyl tallow base Amine oxide and 1.5% tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride can increase the consistency to 1Pa·S.

Pamene mchere wa amine oxide umadutsa pamtunda winawake, gawo lakuda kwambiri limapangidwa. Ngakhale kutentha kukukulira, sikungasinthidwe kukhala gawo loyenda isotropic. Chifukwa chake, amine oxide ikapangidwa, pafupifupi 30% yankho lokhazikika limatha kupezeka, zomwe ndizovuta kuzipeza Pazogulitsa zokhala ndi zotupa zochulukirapo, opangira ma anionic ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti apeze kuchuluka kwa zinthu za ammonium oxide.

（4） Kugwirizana ndi ma anionic surfactants

Ntchito ya amine oxide amphoteric surfactants ndiyofatsa. Anionic surfactants ndi amine oxides amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yambiri ya zotsekemera kuti achepetse kukwiya kwa opanga ma anionic ndikupeza zotsatira zapadera. Pakakhala kuchuluka kwa amine oxide poyerekeza ndi cmc, kuphatikiza ndi ma anionic opanga ma anionic kuti apange anion ndi cations kumawonjezera pH yamvula, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha amine oxide; pa cmc, awiriwo amapanga micelles osakanikirana; Kutalika kwa cmc, anion wopangidwa ndi mchere wa cation amasungunuka mu micelles osakanikirana.

PH≥8, amine oxide imawonetsa mawonekedwe osakhala a ionic ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi anions; pamene pH≤8, kuyanjana ndi anion kumatulutsa malo osagawika, zomwe zimapangitsa mphepo; pamene pH≤6, ziwirizi zimaphatikizidwa muyeso yoyenera. Amine oxide ndi anionic surfactant amaphatikizana ndikupanga gulu la anion-cation kuti apange yankho lowonekera. Pakadali pano, mchere wa anion-cation umasungunuka ndi micelles yopitilira muyeso. Ngati dimethyl amine oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa dimethyl amine oxide, kuyanjana kumakhala bwino; ngati m'malo mwa amine oxide yomwe ili ndi zigawo za polyoxyethylene ether, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri.

(5) Zoyipa zakuthupi

Amine oxide ndi mankhwala osakhala a poizoni kapena owopsa. Njira yogulitsa masheya imakwiyitsa khungu la akalulu, ndipo maso amakwiya pang'ono. Pa 2% ndende, palibe kuyabwa; idadyetsedwa ndikutidwa ndi alkyl dimethyl kwa zaka ziwiri. Amine oxide, palibe carcinogenesis yoyambitsidwa ndi amine oxide yapezeka. Kuchulukanso kwa amine oxide ndikwabwino, 88% imatha kutsitsidwa pakatha milungu iwiri ndipo 93% m'masabata anayi. Amine oxide kwenikweni alibe poizoni ndipo samakwiya kwambiri pakhungu ndi m'maso. Malinga ndi lipoti la KLein: LD50 ya amine oxide ndi 2000mg / kg ～ 6000mg / kg, yomwe ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi LD50 ya mchere wapatebulo wa 4000mg / kg. Mukasakanikirana ndi othandizira ena, amine oxide ili ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi mkwiyo ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mashampu otsutsana ndi dandruff kuti muchepetse mkwiyo wa ZPT. Kuphatikiza apo, mu ma shampo acidic ndi mayankho a acidic, amine oxide amatha kulumikizana ndi magulu a carboxyl pamutu ndi khungu. Imatha kutsitsa tsitsi, kuchepetsa kumenyetsa, kusasitsa chisa, komanso kukonza khungu.

(6) Maantibayotiki

Alkyl amine oxide imakhala ndi ma antibacterial, koma siyifika pamitengo yayikulu ya bakiteriya ya mchere wa quaternary ammonium. Komabe, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi amine oxide ali ndi zida zawo zokhazokha, zomwe zitha kuletsa kukula kwa nkhungu ndikupitilizabe kuchita zinthu zothetsera mavuto. . Ma oxide ena amine amawonetsanso mabakiteriya apamwamba, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sopo ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo, ngakhale ma bactericides omwe ali ndi ayodini amapangidwa kuti athe kulimbikitsa kusungunuka ndi kukhazikika kwa ayodini, ndipo amatenga gawo pakulera ndi kulumikizitsa. Mwa zina, zotsatira za dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide poletsa kukula kwa Staphylococcus aureus ndiyofanana ndi ya cationic surfactant, pomwe mphamvu yolera yotseketsa yama oxide ena amine ndiyochepa.

(7) Zotsutsana

Amine okusayidi ali hygroscopicity mkulu ndi ionization chizolowezi, ndipo akhoza kupanga conductive mosalekeza filimu padziko CHIKWANGWANI kapena utomoni, choncho ali katundu kwambiri antistatic. Poyerekeza ndi othandizira ena, mawonekedwe ake akulu ndikusintha kwa chinyezi cha chilengedwe, Mphamvu ya antistatic ilibe kusintha pang'ono, ndipo imawonetsa magwiridwe antistatic ngakhale pansi pa chinyezi chotsika. Amine okusayidi imakhalanso ndi matenthedwe otetezeka komanso mafuta abwino, amatha kukhala ogwirizana ndi mafuta wamba, emulsifiers ndi othandizira ena, ndipo ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

(8) Antioxidant

Amine oxide sikuti imangokhala yokhayokha mu njira ya hypochlorite yokha, komanso imathandizira ma surfactant ena kuti akhazikitse hypochlorite, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poletsa kutsekemera komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.