1. Wosagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri

Chifukwa cha mamasukidwe akayendedwe okwanira komanso kuchepa kwamafuta kwamafuta ambiri, zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta olemerawa, nthawi zina pamafunika kubaya mankhwala amadzimadzi amadzimadzi pachitsime kuti asinthe mafuta olemera kwambiri kukhala mafuta otsika kwambiri m'madzi am'madzi ndikuwapopera kumtunda. Ma Surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira yochepetsera mafuta iyi komanso njira yochepetsera mamasukidwe akayendedwe amaphatikizapo sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl mowa ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl mowa ether sulphate sodium mchere, ndi zina zotero Iyenera kulekanitsa madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ena ogwira ntchito m'mafakitole monga oletsa kutaya madzi m'thupi. Otsitsa awa ndi emulsifiers amadzimadzi. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma cationic surfactants kapena naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid ndi mchere wawo wama polyvalent. Pamafuta akulemera kwambiri, njira zokhazikika zopopera sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo jekeseni wa nthunzi umafunika kuti matenthedwe ayambenso. Pofuna kukonza matenthedwe obwezeretsa matenthedwe, oyenera kugwira ntchito amafunika. Kubaya jekeseni mu jekeseni wa nthunzi bwino, ndiko kuti, kubaya jekeseni wotentha kwambiri komanso mpweya wosagundika ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito mosinthasintha.

Amagwiritsa ntchito thobvu ndi alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl mowa ether ndi sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, ma gemini surfactants, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa ma fluorine omwe amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ali pamwamba ndipo amakhala okhazikika ku asidi, alkali , oxygen, kutentha ndi mafuta, ma fluorine okhala ndi ma surfactant ndi othandizira kutentha kwambiri. Pofuna kuti mafuta omwazika azidutsa mosavuta pore pakhosi la mapangidwe, kapena kuti mafuta omwe ali pamwamba pake apange mosavuta kuthamangitsidwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi otchedwa woonda kanema wothandizira. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ma gemini ndi ma alkylated phenolic resins.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakanizidwa opaka ndi opangira mafunde kumafuna kuwongolera sera nthawi zambiri ndikuchotsa sera. Ma Surfactants amakhala ngati zoletsa sera ndikuchotsa sera. Ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta osungunuka ndi osungunuka ndi madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera sera. Zoyambazo zimasewera phula posintha mawonekedwe a sera. Omwe amagwiritsanso ntchito mafuta osungunuka ndi mafuta ndi petroleum sulfonates ndi amine surfactants. Ochita zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi amatulutsa phula podzitchinjiriza posintha mawonekedwe a phula (monga tubing, ndodo za sucker ndi zida zamagetsi). Ogwiritsa ntchito ophatikizira ndi sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, onunkhira polyoxyethylene ether ndi mchere wawo wa sodium sulfonate. Zosintha zochotsa sera zimagawidwanso m'magulu awiri, osungunuka mafuta ochotsera sera, mafuta osungunuka ndi sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt, mtundu wa polyether, Tween mtundu, OP mtundu wa surfactant, Sulfate ester yamchere kapena yopangidwa ndi mtundu wina wowonjezera. ndipo opanga ma OP omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa sera amapangidwa ndi madzi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, onse apakhomo ndi akunja aphatikizira kuchotsa sera ndi kupewa, komanso kuchotsa mafuta phula ndi kuchotsa phula m'madzi, kuti apange sera yosakanizidwa. Sera iyi yochotsa sera imagwiritsa ntchito ma hydrocarboni onunkhira komanso ma hydrocarboni onunkhira osakanikirana ngati gawo lamafuta, komanso emulsifier wokhala ndi phula pochotsa ntchito ngati gawo lamadzi. Pamene emulsifier wosankhidwa ndi wosagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mtambo woyenera, atha kupangidwa kuti afike kapena kupitilira mtambo wake kutentha pansi pamunsi paphokoso la mafuta, kotero kuti phula losakanikirana lisanalowe, emulsion yathyoledwa, ndipo mitundu iwiri ya sera yochotsa zinthu imasiyanitsidwa, ndipo imagwira ntchito yochotsa sera nthawi yomweyo.

3. Surfactant amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikika dongo

Chigawo chadothi chokhazikika chimalepheretsa michere yadothi kutupika komanso chimalepheretsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tadothi kuti tisamuke. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa dongo kutupa, monga amine mtundu wamchere, mtundu wa quaternary ammonium mchere, mtundu wa mchere wa pyridine, mchere wa imidazoline ndi ena opanga ma cationic. Osagwiritsa ntchito ma ionic-cationic omwe amakhala ndi fluorine amapezeka kuti ateteze kusuntha kwa michere yamchere yadothi.

4. Ma Surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa acidification

Pofuna kukonza zotsatira za acidification, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwira ku yankho la asidi. Wogwiritsa ntchito ma surfactant aliyense yemwe amatha kukhala ndi acid komanso osakanizidwa mosavuta ndi mapangidwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati acidification retarder. Monga mafuta amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salt, mchere wa pyridine mu ma cactic surfactants ndi polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate mchere kapena sulphate yothira mchere wa amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether ndi zina zotero. Ena opanga ma surfacters, monga dodecyl sulfonic acid ndi alkyl amine salt, amatha emulsify acid m'mafuta kuti apange asidi-mu-mafuta emulsion. Emulsion iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati acidification yamafuta amafuta komanso imachedwetsa.

Ena opangira mafunde amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-emulsifiers ya zakumwa zamadzimadzi. Ma Surfactants okhala ndi nthambi zamagulu monga polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether ndi polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati acidification anti-emulsifiers. Ena opanga mafunde amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira kuchepa, monga amine mchere, quaternary ammonium salt, mtundu wa pyridine salt, non-ionic, amphoteric ndi fluorinated surfactants.